Following prevention of biofilm formation on the urinary catheter in the first clinical studies and results from the two studies (HD1 and HD2) are presented.

Low frequency vibrations assisted tobramycin in killing P. aeruginosa biofilms at sub-MIC. Thus, sound waves together with antibiotics are a promising approach in eliminating pathogenic biofilms.

National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were commissioned by the Department of Health (DH) and developed during 1998-2000 by a nurse-led multi-professional team of researchers and specialist clinicians.

Clearly it is impossible to make a simple and accurate calculation of the financial cost attributable to catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

The predominant form of life for the majority of microorganisms in any hydrated biologic system is a cooperative community termed a “biofilm.” A biofilm on an indwelling urinary catheter consists of adherent microorganisms, their extracellular products, and host components deposited

Low-energy surface acoustic waves generated from electrically activated piezo elements are shown to effec- tively prevent microbial biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. The development of biofilms by four different bacteria and Candida species is prevented when such elastic waves

Bacterial urinary tract infections resulting from prolonged patient catheterization have become a major health problem. One of the major issues is bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatments due to biofilm formation inside the catheters, thus enhancing the search for alternative treatments.

Biofilms are bacterial communities embedded in extrapolysaccharide matrix which protects them from hostile environmental conditions. Biofilms are extremely resistant to antibiotics treatments and are a major cause of medical device-associated infections. Therefore immense efforts are being made in a search

Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria that play a major role in the pathogenicity of bacteria and are the leading cause of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections on indwelling catheters and medical prosthetic devices. Failure to resolve these biofilm infections may